This article examines the depiction of women in 1,988 advertisements from 58 popular U.S. magazines. The authors who conducted the research found that one out of two advertisements that featured women portrayed them as sex objects. I will use this article to obtain statistical results from the observation. I believe that the results from the research conducted are vital information for me in doing my research.
Harper, Brit, Tiggerman, Marika Tiggermann, "The Effect of Thin Ideal Media Images on Women's Self-Objectification, Mood, and Body Image. Academic Research Complete, (2008) 58:649-657
This article gives information about a study conducted where women who viewed advertisements containing very thin women, opposed to women who viewed product control advertisements, were more likely to have appearance anxiety, negative mood, and body dissatisfaction.
Cortese, Anthony J. Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising. Maryland: Rowman & Littefield, 1999.
The author of this book examines the way that women and minorities are displayed in advertisement. He also gives information pertaining to techniques used to attract consumers by creating an ideal image of beauty. This book gives very strong examples of popular advertisements and the hidden messages of sexism, racism, and inequality depicted in them. This book will give me valuable information because the author goes in depth into the topic of my research by conducting examinations, comparing advertisements that contain men, and also focusing heavily on the power of mass media. I believe this book will be beneficial to my research because it's very important that I'm aware of how powerful advertisements are and how they can spread message and manipulate the masses. Socially Inequality is a still being promoted subliminally and it's affecting young women in America.
Reichert, Tom, ed, Lambiase, Jacqueline, ed Sex in Advertising: Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, 2003.
In the book Tom Reichert of The University of Alabama and Jacqueline Lambiase of the University of North Texas explore that popular phrase “Sex Sells". They focus on how consumers are affected by sex in advertisements. The editors of this book gather information from experimental studies and analyses. This book also focuses on gender differences and how women's sexuality is depicted in advertisements. The book will help me understand the concept that has been widely used in recent years "Sex Sells". The media has made it acceptable to promote sex through advertisements even if the product has nothing to do with sex.
Ewen, Stuart, and Elizabeth Ewen Channels of Desire: Mass Images and the Shaping of American Consciousness. Minneapolis: McGraw-Hill, 1982
The authors of this book observe how mass produced images and ideas have shaped the way Americans view those images. It explores the social history of how desirable images have defined American culture. They also explore the mechanisms used to attract consumers to unrealistic images. I think this book will offer information on why mass media is such a powerful tool in America. It will provide vital information on why certain people are depicted in media as desirable and non desirable. The authors focus on how mass images create perceptions towards what Americans view as desirable.
Kilbourne, Jean. Deadly Persuasion: Why Women and Girls Must Fight The Addictive Power of Advertising. New York: The Free Press, 1999
The book focuses on the negative effects that advertisement have on women and girls. It touches on the topics such as social inequality, sexuality, and gender roles of women in advertisements. The author has conducted research on several corporations and their advertisement methods geared towards female consumers. She also explores how women and girls are being brainwashed by advertisements that display women in sexually submissive roles. I think this book will allow me to focus on the negative effects that advertisement causes. It will also give concrete evidence that supports the studies conducted by researchers from my other sources.
Day, Nancy. Advertising Information or Manipulation? Berkley Heights: Enslow Publishers, 1999
The author compares how much of advertisement is beneficial compared to persuasive. She studies the history of advertising and describes certain efforts being taken to avoid deceptive and manipulative forms of advertisement. The book also gives examples on how advertisements form pre conceived opinions of certain images.
Kilbourne, Jean. dir. Killing Us Softly 3: Advertising Image of Women 2000. http://www.documentarytube.com/killing-us-softly-3-advertisings-image-of-women
This is a very popular documentary by a Jean Kilbourne exploring the stereotypes depicting women in advertisements. This is the third installment of this documentary series, the first one was produced in 1979. The 3rd edition focuses on the new millennium and how women are still being displayed in negatively. She studies the advertisements that attracrt women and display what the ideal woman in American is suppose to look like.
I think I've found some great resources for my research paper. All of the books contain vital information about mechanism used by corporations and advertising agencies. My sources will allow me to find out things that I didn’t know about advertisements and how they help form preconceived ideas of certain social groups. When I first came up with this topic I thought it would be a difficult task finding good books, but to my surprise there are many books on this topic. A lot of my sources give information about persuasion and advertisements are mostly effective at persuading consumers to buy products. The authors of the books that I found for my research seem to be very passionate about this topic. I believe that my sources are great and will help me write an excellent research paper.
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